Many of those who don't pay income tax fit into the following groups:
Minimum wage earners
Full time students
work/study programs
etc
I was in a work/study program a couple years ago and the didn't withold any taxes on me. I paid into Social Security and FICA and that was it. I made about $6.75 an hour which even without taxes was barely enough to pay rent and buy groceries. Now I supervise people in the same program. Would I trade places with them and be back in the program... fawk no.
Also, for high school kids who work minimum wage jobs... why not give them a tax break and let them have a little more money to themselves? We surely aren't going to encourage unskilled/young people to work if we saddle them with a bunch of taxes. If we structure the tax code to where it is more profitable for people at the bottom to work then maybe more people will want to work.
And many of these programs Obama is proposing are meant to make us more economically competetive as a nation. One example is increased education funding/education reform. If we have a better educated workforce we will be more able to compete internationally.
