
- Misc God vs. Science
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What other proof do you need of them extinguishing than them not being there anymore? That's kinda a fundamental concept of extinction. What proof do you have that a candle is no longer lit other than that the wick is no longer burning?
And actually, there are a couple theories on Neanderthals and why they died off. One is that they were "absorbed" into the human species, basically they interbred with us and eventually their own species died off. I think this is most likely after I work a long day. Most of my customers are neanderthals.
Anyway, that theory is far less substantiated than the idea that we were the better hunters, better gatherers, and better fighters, and eventually won.
I think you might be missing some of the concepts of evolution, and i dont blame you, as it's not widely taught. The idea of Speciation is a big part of what we're talking about here. Speciation is when one parent species (in this case, Homo Erectus) diverges for whatever reason into two or more. Darwin's theory was not actually evolution, but was natural selection. In his idea, the "survival of the fittest" as it is known, the best members of the species would be more likely to survive, breed, and pass down their traits to the next generation. This can eventually lead to evolution.
However, speciation is a bit different. It generally comes from a parent species being split....there's several forms, and i'd say check the wiki on it if you really wanna learn. But take this simple example: Say there is a pond, and in the pond live a species of frogs. Some developer comes and builds a road through the middle of the pond. Frogs can't cross the road, so now their population is split in half. On one side of the road, the frogs have a lot more water, because that's where the stream enters the pond. These frogs need to become better swimmers, or they'll drown. On the other side, there is far less water, and the frogs need to be quicker hoppers to avoid land predators.
A million years passes.
Do you think these two frogs are going to be the same species anymore, after generations of learning to hop faster or hold their breath longer?
That's speciation.
So your question as to why we have no other current breeds of humans walking around? Well, think about it. Has a highway ever stopped you? Did an entire ocean stop Columbus? Did a continent stop Homo Erectus? No, absolutly not. Why should it? We're bigger, we're badass, we're awesome, we're not going to be stopped by a minor geographical inconvenience.
So the homo erectus that didn't eat fish? Yeah, they did die off. More likely our ancestors kicked their asses. We're simply the dominate species....we won 
Check the Wiki on homo erectus for a list of their other decendants, too. It wasnt just neanderthals, they were just the most famous example.

- Misc God vs. Science
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