WHERES
ATTN: MANIAC
WHERES
Originally Posted by Sinfix_15
lmfao
where she be at
Kyoto is a 'cap and trade' system that imposes national caps on the emissions of Annex I countries. On average, this cap requires countries to reduce their emissions 5.2% below their 1990 baseline over the 2008 to 2012 period. Although these caps are national-level commitments, in practice most countries will devolve their emissions targets to individual industrial entities, such as a power plant or paper factory. One example of a 'cap and trade' system is the 'EU ETS'. Other schemes may follow suit in time.
This means that the ultimate buyers of credits are often individual companies that expect their emissions to exceed their quota (their Assigned Allocation Units, AAUs or 'allowances' for short). Typically, they will purchase credits directly from another party with excess allowances, from a broker, from a JI/CDM developer, or on an exchange.
National governments, some of whom may not have devolved responsibility for meeting Kyoto obligations to industry, and that have a net deficit of allowances, will buy credits for their own account, mainly from JI/CDM developers. These deals are occasionally done directly through a national fund or agency, as in the case of the Dutch government's ERUPT programme, or via collective funds such as the World Bank’s Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF). The PCF, for example, represents a consortium of six governments and 17 major utility and energy companies on whose behalf it purchases credits.
Since allowances and carbon credits are tradeable instruments with a transparent price, financial investors can buy them on the spot market for speculation purposes, or link them to futures contracts. A high volume of trading in this secondary market helps price discovery and liquidity, and in this way helps to keep down costs and set a clear price signal in CO2 which helps businesses to plan investments. This market has grown substantially, with banks, brokers, funds, arbitrageurs and private traders now participating in a market valued at about $60 billion in 2007.[11] Emissions Trading PLC, for example, was floated on the London Stock Exchange's AIM market in 2005 with the specific remit of investing in emissions instruments.
Although Kyoto created a framework and a set of rules for a global carbon market, there are in practice several distinct schemes or markets in operation today, with varying degrees of linkages among them.
Kyoto enables a group of several Annex I countries to join together to create a market-within-a-market. The EU elected to be treated as such a group, and created the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). The EU ETS uses EAUs (EU Allowance Units), each equivalent to a Kyoto AAU. The scheme went into operation on 1 January 2005, although a forward market has existed since 2003.
The UK established its own learning-by-doing voluntary scheme, the UK ETS, which ran from 2002 through 2006. This market existed alongside the EU's scheme, and participants in the UK scheme have the option of applying to opt out of the first phase of the EU ETS, which lasts through 2007[citation needed].
The sources of Kyoto credits are the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI) projects. The CDM allows the creation of new carbon credits by developing emission reduction projects in Non-Annex I countries, while JI allows project-specific credits to be converted from existing credits within Annex I countries. CDM projects produce Certified Emission Reductions (CERs), and JI projects produce Emission Reduction Units (ERUs), each equivalent to one AAU. Kyoto CERs are also accepted for meeting EU ETS obligations, and ERUs will become similarly valid from 2008 for meeting ETS obligations (although individual countries may choose to limit the number and source of CER/JIs they will allow for compliance purposes starting from 2008). CERs/ERUs are overwhelmingly bought from project developers by funds or individual entities, rather than being exchange-traded like allowances.
Since the creation of Kyoto instruments is subject to a lengthy process of registration and certification by the UNFCCC, and the projects themselves require several years to develop, this market is at this point largely a forward market where purchases are made at a discount to their equivalent currency, the EUA, and are almost always subject to certification and delivery (although up-front payments are sometimes made). According to IETA, the market value of CDM/JI credits transacted in 2004 was EUR 245 m; it is estimated that more than EUR 620 m worth of credits were transacted in 2005.
Several non-Kyoto carbon markets are in existence or being planned, and these are likely to grow in importance and numbers in the coming years. These include the New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative and Western Climate Initiative in the United States and Canada, the Chicago Climate Exchange and the State of California’s recent initiative to reduce emissions.
These initiatives, taken together may create a series of partly-linked markets, rather than a single carbon market. The common theme across most of them is the adoption of market-based mechanisms centered on carbon credits that represent a reduction of CO2 emissions. The fact that some of these initiatives have similar approaches to certifying their credits makes it conceivable that carbon credits in one market may in the long run be tradeable in other schemes. This would broaden the current carbon market far more than the current focus on the CDM/JI and EU ETS domains. An obvious precondition, however, is a realignment of penalties and fines to similar levels,since these create an effective ceiling for each market.
Wow!
Dis Yo Folk Soulja Boy Tellem!!
Im In Da Buildin,Everybody Get On Da Dance Floor,
Dis Girl Gotta Donk, She Finna Shake It All Night,
Wow!,Wow!,Wow!,Wow!
[Chorus:]
She Got A Donk
She Got A Donk
She Got A Donk
She Got A Donk [Faster]
She Got A Donk
She Got A Donk
She Got A Donk
She Got A Donk
She Got A Donk
She Got A Donk
She Got A Donk
She Got A Donk
Shake Some Wit It
Shake Some Wit It
Shake Some Wit It
Shake Some Wit It
Shake Some Wit It
Shake Some Wit It
Wow,Wow,Wow,Wow,Wow,Wow,Wow!
[Verse 1:]
She Got Donk,
Watch It Hit Da Floor,
I Like The Way She Move And Da Way She Snap And Roll,Yea Its Goin Down,
I Got 5 Thousands Ones,
Me,You,And You(You!),
We Bout To Have Fun!,Now Gone Make It Clap,
Dat Right Dere,
Sippin On Some Dat Match My Shirt, I Like Her, Her, Her, Her, And Her,
I Want Dem To Do Dat Over Her!!(Over Her!!!)
[Chorus]
[Verse 2:]
Its Two(Two), Im Back In Dis Thang,
I See Dat Apple Bottom Hangin Out Dat G-Strang,
Im On Fire!, Hot-Tamale!,Soulja Boy Tellem, Me And My Capadres!,Stacks On Deck(Deck), Girls On Deck(Deck),
Now Dat Im On, Arab Up Next(Next),Hung Up My Phone , Den Cash My Check(Check),Now It Time To Party, Girl Get Soakin Wet!, Wow!
[Chorus]
[Hook:]
Get Low To Da Floor(Lower)
Get Low To Da Floor(Lower)
Get Low To Da Floor(Lower)
Get Low To Da Floor(Lower)
Now Bend It, Get It,Get It,Get It
Bend It,Get It,Get It,Get It,
Bend It,Get It,Get It, Get It
Bend It, Get It,Get It,Get It
Now Do Da Grown Man(Do Da Grown Man) Repeat 4x
Now Throw Da Towel In(Give Up) Repeat 4x
[Chorus]
Wow!
[ Donk Lyrics on http://www.lyricsmania.com/ ]
wtf....
tryna find out where his big nosed sister, wendy, is.
Ahhhhhh I get it now.
if it wasnt for your erectionalizing reps id ban you
i need some echo repz...
i dont get this
(((((No more 4 door))))))
Shut the fuck up, cocksucker.
shakalock....
Tuned by Lil Ray Ray's
lol his sister has the same size nosed, but she's hotter...if it wasnt for her nose she'd be a 10...but shes an 8 because of her noseThats a chick?
I'm just kidding. lol
look at this bitch thinj=king he the shit
(((((No more 4 door))))))
lol
DEE....I NEED SOEM DRINK RECIPES U FUKIN DRUNK
did you try the parrot bay coconut rum with v8 mango splash yet???
and i am not a drunk anymore!
UHH...YESS...I NEED SOMETHING NEW
COME W/ THE HEAVY ARTILLERY DAMNIT...I BE SIPPIN ON WILD TURKEY AND COKE ON LUNCH LOL
sammich is a drunk lol
LOL LUK HERE...DONT MAKE THAT PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE
Just emailed your boss, have a good day!
i scream from the building tops
SAMMICH IS TEH DRUNK!!!!!!!!!!
HATER LOLDNT MATTER...I THINK U JUST GAVE ME A 1 MONTH EARLIER LAY OFF
that mofo is only about 5% talented.
JEALOUS LOL
Posting Permissions
Reply With Quote
