And what are the reasons behind this, and what should be done to correct it?
You could say the schools in predominantly Black areas are underfunded... why are the schools underfunded?
Maybe its low tax revenues in the areas with bad schools. Ok, why are the tax revenues bad?
Low incomes in areas with low tax revenues. Why are incomes low in these areas?
Could have something to do with a lack of minorities with wealth and leadership opportunities in their own communities.
A lot of these questions don't have simple/concrete answers. Poverty and lack of education opportunities are a self-perpetuating, vicious cycle. Where you have one you almost always have the other, and they feed off of each other. Add to that that not every case is the same... some people move up on the social mobility ladder, some people move down. The best we can do is to try to identify and work to correct the common factors that contribute to poverty and the lack of education opportunities.