Let's say for example that someone was running a B18C1 fully built and decided that for their turbo set up they wanted to run a type R trans with that really short 2nd,3rd,4th and 5th gears mated to an even shorter 4.40 final drive. There's no way in hell they're gonna do any decent acceleration numbers for the fact that the turbo still haven't had a chance to spool.
So you are saying that a short geared transmission means the turbo wont spool as fast?

You have too many holes in your example, we would need to know what turbo, what power level, what Rev limiter, what chassis, etc.

A short geared trans is ok in a Integra body under 300whp. A short geared trans in a 500whp Integra is going to top out too fast, and will cause traction issues.

Now flip it, a CRX could get away with a longer geared trans because of its weight being so much less.

but there comes a point in horsepower level where the gearing gets closer and closer to the same.

What you really need to do is get a dyno, weigh the car, dtermine your rev limit, and plot shift points that are relative to your tranny setup